This NOFO seeks to develop electronic nose technologies that mimic the olfactory system, leading to a robust diagnostic platform subject to validation and regulatory approval. A previous iteration demonstrated the feasibility of developing safe and effective biosensing technologies for volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures from human skin through systems engineering and artificial intelligence. VOCs are biomarkers that underlie the effects of a wide array of diseases. Under this iteration of the NOFO, improved sensing, detection, and analytical technologies will be developed for integration into tools for disease diagnosis and monitoring in everyday settings. These novel technologies will complement traditional blood analysis and other invasive, expensive, and highly technical procedures to monitor the onset, progression, and resolution of disease.